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''Astronomische Nachrichten'' (''Astronomical Notes''), one of the first international journals in the field of astronomy,〔 was founded in 1821 by the German astronomer Heinrich Christian Schumacher. It claims to be the oldest astronomical journal in the world that is still being published.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Astronomische Nachrichten )〕 The publication today specializes in articles on solar physics, extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, geophysics, and instrumentation for these fields. All articles are subject to peer review. ==Early history== The journal was founded in 1821 by Heinrich Christian Schumacher,〔''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', page 60, v.7 (1895)〕 under the patronage of Christian VIII of Denmark, and quickly became the world's leading professional publication for the field of astronomy, succeeding where others had failed or not achieved the same renown.〔Earlier publications, no longer extant, include Gottfried Kirch's ''Ephemeriden'' (1681) and the ''Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch'' (1774), founded by Johann Heinrich Lambert and Johann Elert Bode. Elsewhere in Europe there had been other efforts at publishing astronomical material in journal form. These included the monthly ''Allgemeine Geographisches Ephemeriden'' (1798), edited by Franz Xaver von Zach under the patronage of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, followed by Zach (and later Bernhard August von Lindenau)'s ''Monatliche Correspondenz'' (1800). Zach later published ''Correspondence Astronomique'' (1818) in France. Another short-lived journal was ''Zeitschrift fur Astronomie und verwandte Wissenschaften'' (last issue in 1818), published by Lindenau and Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger. All examples taken from Hamel (2001).〕 Schumacher edited the journal at the observatory in Altona, then part of Denmark, later part of Prussia, and today part of the German city of Hamburg. Schumacher edited the first 31 issues of the journal, from its founding in 1821 until his death in 1850. These early issues ran to hundreds of pages, and consisted mostly of letters sent by astronomers to Schumacher, reporting their observations.〔(Heinrich Christian Schumacher - mediator between Denmark and Germany; Centre of Scientific Communication in Astronomy ), by Jurgen Hamel, pp. 99-120 of ''Around Caspar Wessel and the Geometric Representation of Complex Numbers'' (2001), the Proceedings of the Wessel Symposium at The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen, August 11-15, 1998.〕 The journal proved to be a great success, and over the years Schumacher received thousands of letters from hundreds of contributors.〔Schumacher wrote of "1500 letters a year" in a letter to George Biddell Airy in 1845, and the Berlin State Library has nearly 10,000 letters to Schumacher from 750 authors (Hamel, 2001).〕 The letters were published in the language in which they were submitted, mostly German, but also English, Italian and other languages.〔"All astronomers of any importance published in this journal whether they came from Germany, France, England, Russia, Italy, the Netherlands, the United States, Denmark..." (Hamel, 2001)〕 The journal's renown was acknowledged by the British astronomer John Herschel (then secretary to the Royal Astronomical Society) in a letter to the Danish King in 1840, writing that ''Astronomische Nachrichten'' was: Other astronomical journals were also founded around this time, such as the British ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'', which was founded in 1827. It was the importance of ''Astronomische Nachrichten'', however, that led the American astronomer Benjamin A. Gould in 1850 to found ''The Astronomical Journal'' in the United States.〔(Benjamin Apthorp Gould and the founding of the Astronomical Journal ), Owen Gingerich, The Astronomical Journal, 117:1-5, 1999 January. "Gould had decided to use his own funds to help start a new journal, to be modeled explicitly on the prestigious German ''Astronomische Nachrichten'', then in its 28th volume."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Astronomische Nachrichten」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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